rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; gy;Yaphpak;
(Bio diversity
in Sangam Literature)
Kidth; f. yjh>
cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;>
jkpo; cauha;T
ikak;>
ghj;jpkhf; fy;Y}hp> kJiu.
,iwtd; gilj;j cyfk; kdpjDf;fhdJ kl;Lky;y@ gpw caph;fSf;Fk; jhd;. capUs;stw;Wf;F kl;Lkpd;wp ,y;yhjtw;Wf;Fk;jhd;. gy;Yaph;fs; tho;tjd; nghUl;L cz;lhdNj
,t;Tyfk;. vdpDk; kdpjh;fSf;Nf chpa ‘vdJ’ vd;Dk; chpikf; Fzk; fhuzkhfg; gy tpjq;fspy; khRw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ
cyF. xd;iwj;jpd;W xd;W thOk; caph;fs;
epiwe;j ,t;Tyf caph;fs; mit thOk; epyj;jpw;Nfw;gj; jq;fisj; jftikj;Jf;
nfhs;fpd;wd. ,jidg; gy;Yaphpak; (Biodiversity)
vd;gh; mwptpayhh;. (Bio diversity is the diversity of plant
and animal life in a particular habitat (or) in the world as a whole.) ,g;gy;Yaphpaf; Nfhl;ghl;bidr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; rpj;jphpf;Fk; tpjj;jpid
,f;fl;Liu Ma;fpwJ.
fhw;W> ePh;> epyk;> ,aw;if
Mjhuq;fs;> jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;fpdq;fs;> kf;fs; Mfpa xt;nthU xOq;fikg;Gk;
jdpj;Jk;> xd;NwhL xd;W gu];guk; njhlh;G nfhz;Lk; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. cyfpy; kdpjDk; Xh; caphpNa. mtDk; jhd; thOk; fhyk;> ,lk;> #oYf;Nfw;wthW
jd;idj; jftikj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhd;. “xU
gFjpapy;> mt;tplj;jpy; thof;$ba kf;fSf;Fg; NghJkhd mstpw;Nfh Njitf;F
mjpfkhfNth fpilf;ff;$ba tifapy; mg;gFjpf;Nf chpadthf ,aw;if tsq;fs;
epiwe;jpUf;Fk;. mjd; jl;gntg;gepiy>
fly; kl;lk; Vida epytpaw; $Wfs; Mfpatw;wpw;F Vw;g kf;fs; jq;fisj; jftikj;Jf;
nfhz;bUg;ghh;fs; vd;ghh; n`h;f;Nfhtpl;];” (M. jdQ;nrad;> rq;f ,yf;fpaKk; gz;ghl;Lr; #oypaYk;> g. 140)
rhd;whf> nea;jy; epy kf;fs; jq;fs; thoplj;ijg; gpd;tUkhW mikg;gijf;
fhl;lyhk;.
“Ntok; epiwj;J> ntz;NfhL
tpiu,
jhio Kbj;J> jUg;ig Nta;e;j
Fwpapiwf; Fuk;ig gwpAil Kd;wpy;
nfhLq;fhw; Gd;idf; NfhLJkpj;J ,aw;wpa
igq;fha; J}q;Fk; gha; kzw; ge;jh;
……………………………………………
nfhL Kb tiyQh; Fb” (ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil> 263 – 274)
‘Ntof;Nfhy;> ntz;NfhL> jhioehh;> jUg;igg;Gy; Nghd;w
,aw;ifahjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L Ntag;gl;l jho;thd ,wg;igAila gujthpd; Fby;’ vd tpsf;fk; nfhz;likAk; ,g;ghlw;gFjp ,yf;fpaj;jpy; tiyQhpd; FbapUg;igf;
Fwpj;Jr; nry;fpwJ. ,jw;Fs; kdpjd; ,aw;if
jUk; tsq;fisj; jdf;Nfw;w tifapy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwhd;> ,aw;ifia mg;gbNa
mtd; ,Uf;f tpLtjpy;iy> Kbe;jhy; mjid mopf;fTk; (exploitation)
KaYfpwhd; vDk; ,d;ndhU nra;jpiaAk; cl;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; gy;Yaphpaj;Js; jhDk; xUtd;
vd;Dk; vz;zj;ij kdpjd; kwe;jNj.
Mdhy; tpyq;fpdq;fSk;> Gs;spdq;fSk;
kPdpdq;fSk; ,aw;ifNahL ,aw;ifahfNt tho;e;jd vDk; nra;jpiaf; FWe;njhifg; ghly;
xd;W rpj;jphpf;fpwJ.
“nrt;tp nfhs; tufpd; nrQ;Rtw;
fypj;j
nfsit ehw;wpd; fhhpU Nshhpiy
et;tpehz; kwpft;tpf; fld; fopf;Fk;” (FWe;njhif 282)
Ky;iy
epyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; khd;kwp mq;F tpise;Js;s tskhd tufpidf; fth;e;Jz;z Kad;wJ
vDk; nghUspy; mikAk; ,g;ghly; fhl;Lg;gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLk; tpyq;fpdq;fs;> tuF
Nghd;w gaphpdq;fs; Fwpj;j nra;jpiaj; jUfpwJ.
,d;W vq;F Nehf;fpDk; fhd;fphPl;
fl;blq;fs; fz;zpy; vjph;g;gLfpd;wd.
fz;Zf;fpdpik jUk; gRik cyfKOtjpYk; Fiwe;J tUtjhNy G+kpf;Nfhsk;
ntg;gkile;J tUfpwJ vd;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j cz;ik.
,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd; tho;e;j Kd;Ndhh; fhyk; vt;thwpUe;jJ vd;gjid xU
rq;fg;ghly; rpj;jphpf;fpwJ.
“fodp khj;J tpise;JU jPk;gok;
god this fJ}ck; Ch;” (FWe;. : 8)
ePh;
epiwe;j tay;> ngha;ifapy; Js;Sk; thiskPd;> ngha;ifia mLj;j khkuq;fs;>
khkuq;fspypUe;J Kjph;e;J ngha;ifapy; cjpUk; goq;fs;> mg;goq;fisj; Js;sp te;J
ft;tpr; nry;Yk; this kPd;fs; vd kUjepy tsj;ijf; fz; Kd; epWj;Jfpwhh; Myq;Fb
tq;fdhh;. ,g;ghly; cs;nshd;Wk; itj;Jg; Gwnkhd;W
NgRtjw;fhfg; ghlg;gl;lnjdpDk; $l ,aw;ifapy; caphpdq;fs; vt;thW xd;iwnahd;W
rhh;e;J tho;fpd;wd vd;gijr; Rl;br; nry;fpwJ.
,J NghyNt xU rpW FUtpapd;
nray;ghLfisf; fhl;LfpwJ kw;nwhU ghly;.
Mk;gy; G+tpd; thba ,jo;fs; Nghd;w ,wFfisf; nfhz;l kidAiw FUtp> tPl;L
Kw;wj;Nj cyh;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; jhdpaq;fis cz;fpwJ> vUtpd; Ez;zpa nghbiaf;
File;J tpisahLfpwJ> kPz;Lk; jd; FQ;RfSld; $l;bDs; ciwfpwJ vdg; gwitapdq;fSs;
xd;whd FUtpapd; nray;ghl;bidf; $WfpwJ.
“Mk;gw;G+tpd; rhk;gyd;d
$k;gpa rpwfh; kidAiw FhP,
Kd;wp Yzq;fd; khe;jp kd;wj;
njUtpDz; lhJ Filtd thb
,y;ypiw gs;spj;jk; gps;isnahL tjpAk;” (FWe;. 46)
vd;w
,g;ghlw; fhl;rpia ,d;W fhz;gJ mhpJ.
mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; je;j Kd;Ndw;wq;fshy; gy gwitapdq;fs;
mope;JtUfpd;w cz;ik fz;Kd;Nd ntspr;rkpLfpwJ.
ntWikiaj; jUfpwJ. Ch;f;FUtpapd;
nray;ghl;ilAk; xU FWe;njhifg; ghly; rpj;jphpf;fpwJ fPo;f;fhZk; tpjkhf.
“cs;Sh;f; FhP,j; Js;Seilr; Nrty;
#d;Kjph; Gilf; fPdp ypio,ah;
Njk;nghjpf; nfhz;l jPq;fiof; fUk;gpd;
ehwh ntz;G+f; nfhOJk;.” (FWe;. : 85)
fUTw;wpUf;Fk;
jd; ngl;ilf; FUtpf;Ff; $Lfl;Lk; Nrty; FUtp> fUk;gpd; ntz;G+itf; Nfhjpf;
nfhz;L te;J $l;bDs; nkj;njd ,LfpwJ. ,t;thW
gy;NtWtpjkhd gwitapdq;fisg; ghbr; nry;Yk; rq;fg;Gyth;fs; kidAiw Nfhop
Fwpj;Jk; ghbAs;sdh;.
“kidAiwf; Nfhopf; FWq;fhw; Ngil
Ntyp ntUfpd khiy Aw;nwdg;
GFkpldwpahJ njhFGld; FoP,a
igjw;gps;isf; fpisgaph;e; jhmq;F” (FWe;. : 139)
kUjepyf;
fhl;rpahf mikAk; ,g;ghlypy;> NtypNahuk; jd; FQ;RfSld; NkAk; tPl;Lf;Nfhop
fhl;Lg;G+idapd; tUifapdhy; jd; FQ;Rfisf; $tpaiof;fpwJ. ,t;thwhf> ,yf;fpaq;fs; gy;Yaphpak;. Fwpj;j
nra;jpfisj; jUfpd;wd. gRkhLfspd;
nray;ghl;bidf; Fwpf;Fk; ghly; xd;W>
“Gyk;gap uUe;j tz;z Nyw;nwhL
epye;J}q; fzy tPq;FKiyr; nrUj;jy;
ghy; thh;G Fotp As;sp epiuapwe;
J}h;tapw; ngaUk; ………………” (FWe;. : 344)
vd
mike;Js;sJ. fhis> gR> fd;W vd
xt;nthU caphpiaAk; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nry;fpwJ ,g;ghly;. jiyikj; jd;ik tha;e;j fhis> epyj;ijj;
njhLk;> miyfpd;w jhbiaf; nfhz;l kb gUj;j gRf;fs;> mtw;why; epidf;fg;gLk;
fd;Wfs; vd ,g;ghly; rpj;jphpf;fpwJ.
fwitapdq;fSs; gRtpd; ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpl;l rq;f ,yf;fpak; vUik Fwpj;Jk;
ghbAs;sJ.
“,UkUg; ngUik aPd;wzpf; fhuhd;
cotd; ahj;j Fotpap dfyhJ
ghmw; igk;gap uhU %h;” (FWe;. : 181)
fhpa
ngUq;nfhk;Gfisf; nfhz;l <d;wzpikAila ngz; vUik> cotdhy; gpzpf;fg;gl;l jd;
vUikf; fd;wpid tpl;lfyhJ> mUfpYs;s grpa gaph;fis Nka;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,it Nghd;w ghly;fs; %yk; cyfk; gy;Yaph;j;
njhFjpahy; epuk;gpaJ vd;gij mwpaKbfpwJ.
NkYk; gy;Yaphpfshy; epuk;gpa
,g;G+Tyfpy; typaitNa thOk; vDk; fUj;ijAk; rpy ghly;fs; Rl;br; nry;fpd;wd.
“FUFnfhsf; Fspj;j nfz;il aay
JUnfO jhkiu thd;Kif nt&ck;
fodpak; glg;igf; fhQ;rp” (FWe;. : 127)
,g;ghly;
top FUfplkpUe;J jg;gpj;j nfz;il kPd;> kPz;Lk; jhkiu nkhl;bidf; fz;L mQ;Rk;
tay;epiw gFjpfs;> kpFe;j fhQ;rpkuq;fs; vd kUjepyk; tsk; kpFe;J gytpj
caphpfs; thOk; tifapy; nropj;Njhq;fpapUe;jij czuKbfpwJ.
m/wpiz caphpfspYk; nrb> nfhb
jhtuq;fs; mit Njhd;wpa epyj;Jf;Fj; jf;fthW mike;j tpjj;ijr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;
Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;sd.
“ghril epte;j fizf;fhy; nea;jy;
,dkP dpUq;fop Nahj ky;FnjhWk;
fa%o;F kfsph; fz;zpd; khDk;” (FWe;. 9)
grpa
,iyfSf;F NkNy> jpuz;l fhk;gpidf; nfhz;l nea;jy; G+> kPd; $l;lq;fs;
epiwe;j fUq;fopapy; nts;sk; kpFk; Nghnjy;yhk; Fsj;jpy; %o;fpnaOk; ngz;fspd;
fz;fisnahj;Jf; fhzg;gl;lJ vDk; fhl;rp ,d;W ,yf;fpaq;fspy; kl;LNk
fhzKbfpwJ. cz;Zk; mhprp ney;ypUe;J
fpilf;Fk;. mJ nrbah> kukh vd mwpahJ
kaq;Fk; ,d;iwa jiyKiwf;F ,g;ghly; fhl;rp fw;gidf; fhl;rpahf kl;LNk ,dp
,Uf;fKbAk;. kw;nwhU nea;jw;ghly;>
NtWtpjkhd caphpfisf; fhl;LfpwJ. rpwpa
tise;j Kl;fisf; nfhz;l Ks;spr;nrb.
,r;nrbapd; Kl;fs; mzpw;gps;isapd; gy;Nghy; rpwpjha;> $h;ikaha;f;
fhzg;gLk;. ,jd; fUk;G+f;fs; rpjwp
E}yWe;j Kj;Jf;fsha;f; fhl;rpaspj;jd vd;gij>
“$d;Ks; Kz;lff; $h;k;gdp khkyh;
E}yW Kj;jpd; fhnyhL ghwpj;
Jiw njhWk; guf;Fk;” (FWe;. : 51)
vd;w
ghlybfs; Rl;Lfpd;wd. ,g;ghly; nea;jy;
epyf;fhl;rpia cs;sgbNa rpj;jphpf;fpwJ.
Gytdpd; Ez;ghh;itia> xg;GNehf;Fk; jpwj;ij> uridia
ntspf;fhl;LfpwJ. vdpDk; mg;Gyth;
mwpe;Njh mwpahkNyh nea;jy; epyj;J thOk; gy;tpj caphpfis mjd; nray;ghLfis
ntspf;fhl;Lk; tpjkhf mike;jpUg;gJ ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;J tho;Nthh; nra;j
ngUk;NgW> nkhopthapyhf> G+kpapy; tho;e;j> thOk; caphpdq;fis>
gaphpdq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; gjpTfshf ,Ug;git ,yf;fpaq;fNs.
kdpjdpd; Nguhir fhuzkhf> tapw;Wf;F
cztPe;j tpisepyq;fs; ,d;W tpiy epyq;fshapd@ kiyfSk; kdpjd; fz;zpypUe;J
jg;gtpy;iy> mq;Fk; ,aw;iff; fdpk tsq;fs; tpiyNghfpd;wd. fhLfis mopj;J ehlhf;fp> Cuhf;fp> ,d;W
fhLfspy; trpj;j tpyq;fpdq;fs; gwitapdq;fs; Nghd;wit ,Ug;gjw;Fk; ,lkpd;wpg;
Nghf;fplk; mw;Wg; Nghapd. fhLfodpfis
mopf;f mopf;fg; gRik Fiwe;jJ@ ntg;gk; ngUfpaJ.
gzg;gaph;fSf;F Mirg;gl;L kiyia kdpjd; Mf;fpukpf;f tpyq;Ffs; kdpjh;fisj;
Jd;GWj;jj; njhlq;fpd. njhopw;Gul;rpapd;
fhuzkhfj; Njhd;wpa gy;NtW njhopw;rhiyfs; ntspNaw;Wk; Gif> fopTfs;
kz;izAk;> flypidAk;> Mfhaj;ijAk;> fhw;iwAk; khRgLj;jpd. kPz;Lk; kuq;fs; jsph;f;fhj tifapy; kz;
khRw;wJ. kl;fpg; Nghfhj Gjpjhff;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l nghUs;fspd; tpisT kz;zpd; mopT. gy;NtW njhlh;G rhjdq;fSf;fhff;
fl;lg;gl;l kpd; NfhGuq;fspd; cah;r;rp rpl;Lf; FUtpfs; tz;zj;Jg;G+r;rpfs;
Nghd;wtw;wpd; tPo;r;rpahfptpl;lJ.
fl;Lg;ghbd;wp thfdg;Gif> njhopw;rhiyg;Gif vd midj;J tifahd GifAk;
Nehiaj;je;J> XNrhd; tiuapYk; Xl;ilahapw;W.
epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W Mfhak; vd vijAk; tpl;L itf;fhJ midj;ijAk;
khRgLj;jp kdpjd; rhjpf;fg;NghtJ vd;d vd;gNj ,d;iwa kpfg;nghpa Nfs;tp.
“vd; ghl;ld;
kz;izj; Njhz;l
Gijay; fpilj;jJ
vd; je;ij
kz;izj; Njhz;b
tpisr;ry; ghh;j;jhh;.
ehd; kz;izj; Njhz;l
kdpj vYk;Gfs; fpilj;jd
vd; kfd; kz;izj;
Njhz;Lfpwhd;…..
fz;zpntbfs;
fpilf;fpd;wd.”
vd;W
Ntjidg;gLk; ftpQdpd; Gyk;gy; Nghy caph; jhq;fp epw;Fk; midj;J caphpfisAk;
mopj;J kdpjDf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; <uj;ij kwe;J> kWj;J kdpjid tijf;Fk; fhykhfpg;
NghdJ ,d;iwa mwptpay; Afk;.
fhyq;fs; khwkhwf; Nfhyq;fs; khWk;
vd;gJ cWjp. Mdhy; mJ myq;Nfhykhdhy; midj;Japh;fSf;Fk; ,Wjp vd;gJk; cz;ikNa.
Kd;G Rl;ba rq;f ,yf;fpag; ghly;fs;> kPd;> ehiu> Ch;f;FUtp> gR>
fd;W> vUik> khd;>
Ks;spr;nrb> fUk;G> fhQ;rp kuk;> nea;jy; G+> Mk;gy; G+ vd
vj;jid vj;jidNah tpjkhd caphpdq;fisg; gaphpdq;fisr; rpj;jphpj;jd. mf;fhl;rpfs; kPz;Lk; ,d;iwa ,yf;fpaq;fspy;
kpspu Ntz;Lk;. G+idf;F ahh; kzp fl;LtJ vZk;
kdg;ghd;ik ePq;f Ntz;Lk;. ‘tug;Gau ePh; caUk;’ vd;W xsit ghbaJ Nghy kdpjh;fs;
,t;Tyfk; kPz;Lk; gRikAw;Wj; jiof;f Kjyb vLj;J itj;J Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. jdpkuk; xUNghJk; Njhg;ghfhJ. rpWrpW JspfNs ngUnts;skhFk;. fd;Wfs; eLtjpypUe;J> kioePiur;
Nrkpg;gjpypUe;J> khRf;fl;Lg;ghl;bidf; filg;gpbg;gjpypUe;J kdpjh; xt;nthUtUk;
caphpfs; kPJ Neak; nfhz;L Kjyb vOj;J itj;jhy; ek; cs;sq;ifapy; G+kpia gRikg;G+
Nfhskhfj; jhq;fyhk;.
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